I didn't know this was possible, but apparently you can now use Signal anonymously.
This is enabled by using publicly available phone numbers together with a new "Registration Lock" feature which prevents re-registering such a phone number (since users don't own them) and thereby stealing the account.
https://community.signalusers.org/t/how-to-use-signal-anonymously/2277
@jeroenpraat That's the point; it might be used by another person, but each number can be registered for one Signal account as well, and said account can then be locked to disallow any modifications/another user taking over.