../However if the elements are H or He they can be reported as a mass fraction reported as X, Y, and Z where X= mass of H/total mass; Y=mass of He/total mass and Z=mass of everything else/total mass.
Another way is log+12 notation. As most abundance ratios are quite small compared to H, a common comparator, scientific notation is often needed. Log+12 prevents this by having the ratio be=log(A/B)+12 which is usually a positive number between -1 and 10. ../